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What's SIGINT and How is it Used
Intelligence-driven determination-making is at the heart of day by day operations and strategic planning for modern militaries and intelligence companies, and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) is a big part of what makes it possible. At this time we’ll focus on how SIGINT works and why it is so vital, particularly as it applies to Digital Warfare applications.
SIGINT Explained
SIGINT is the interception of signals for the purpose of gathering intelligence. It's divided into three sub-disciplines:
Communications Intelligence (COMINT) which is the interception of communication between folks and teams
Digital Intelligence (ELINT) which is the intercepting of digital signals which are usually not specifically used for communication
International Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT), which is the collection of signals created by the testing and use of overseas weapons systems. (Supply)
The origins of SIGINT could be traced back to the first world war when British forces began intercepting German radio communications to gain intelligence about their plans. This led to the use of cryptography to conceal the content material of radio transmissions, and as such, cryptanalysis turned an integral part of SIGINT as well.
As technology has advanced, so has the sphere of SIGINT. Right this moment, the US military gathers signals intelligence by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) like the Global Hawk and Reaper drones, which are geared up with powerful infrared sensors and cameras, as well as Light and Imaging Detection (LIDAR) and synthetic aperture RADAR systems to assemble and transmit back valuable raw intelligence from the operational environment for analysis.
One downside of UAVs is that they fly slower and at lower altitudes than manned aircraft, leaving them more vulnerable to anti-plane measures. One solution is the EA-18G Growler. This airplane is an updated model of the F/A-18F Super Hornet, which has been repurposed from a pure fight aircraft to an advanced, supersonic ISR platform. It could actually fly much faster and higher than a drone and is supplied with sensors that may detect enemy RADAR and even cell phone signals.
One other more down-to-earth instance of modern SIGINT capabilities can be interception of digital communications data by the NSA, which can provide motionable intelligence in real-time by capturing data like emails, texts, phone calls and more.
When raw SIGINT is captured, it must then be translated, interpreted or represented, because the case could also be, into information which can then be analyzed and used for resolution-making.
As with SIGINT, EW will be divided into three sub-disciplines. These embody:
Digital Attack (EA), which contains offensive use of directed energy in opposition to the enemy
Electronic Protection (EP), which is defensive, like the Electronic Warfare Self-Protection (EWSP) suite constructed into fighter jets
Electronic Warfare Help (ES), the apply of finding and identifying the sources of electromagnetic energy signals for the aim of supporting decision-making
It's in this third class of ES that we see the overlap of electronic warfare and SIGINT because the systems and equipment used for ES can concurrently collect intelligence. While ES is more centered on quick threats in the operational surroundings, much of the data obtained can be utilized to boost raw signals intelligence and SIGINT determination-making.
ES can detect the source of an electromagnetic signal, the type of equipment generating that signal, and relevant data like frequency, modulation, etc. For instance, ES personnel can detect an unknown radar signal emanating from someplace in the battlespace. They'll analyze the signal and determine the type of radar that is getting used, and evaluate their findings with international locations known to use this type of radar, and what vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc. it is typically used with. They'll then confirm the character of the radar source, and make intelligent predictions on what the unknown actor’s intentions are.
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