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What is SIGINT and How is it Used

 

Intelligence-driven resolution-making is on the heart of each day operations and strategic planning for modern militaries and intelligence agencies, and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) is a big part of what makes it possible. Today we’ll talk about how SIGINT works and why it is so essential, particularly as it applies to Electronic Warfare applications.

 

 

SIGINT Defined

 

SIGINT is the interception of signals for the purpose of gathering intelligence. It's divided into three sub-disciplines:

 

 

Communications Intelligence (COMINT) which is the interception of communication between folks and teams

 

Digital Intelligence (ELINT) which is the intercepting of digital signals which are not specifically used for communication

 

Overseas Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT), which is the collection of signals created by the testing and use of foreign weapons systems. (Source)

 

The origins of SIGINT will be traced back to the primary world war when British forces started intercepting German radio communications to gain intelligence about their plans. This led to the use of cryptography to hide the content material of radio transmissions, and as such, cryptanalysis became an integral part of SIGINT as well.

 

 

As technology has advanced, so has the sphere of SIGINT. Right this moment, the US military gathers signals intelligence by means of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) like the Global Hawk and Reaper drones, which are outfitted with powerful infrared sensors and cameras, as well as Light and Imaging Detection (LIDAR) and synthetic aperture RADAR systems to gather and transmit back valuable raw intelligence from the operational surroundings for analysis.

 

 

One downside of UAVs is that they fly slower and at lower altitudes than manned aircraft, leaving them more vulnerable to anti-aircraft measures. One solution is the EA-18G Growler. This plane is an up to date model of the F/A-18F Super Hornet, which has been repurposed from a pure fight aircraft to an advanced, supersonic ISR platform. It could actually fly much faster and higher than a drone and is equipped with sensors that may detect enemy RADAR and even cell phone signals.

 

 

One other more down-to-earth instance of recent SIGINT capabilities would be interception of electronic communications data by the NSA, which can provide actionable intelligence in real-time by capturing data like emails, texts, phone calls and more.

 

 

When raw SIGINT is captured, it should then be translated, interpreted or represented, because the case could also be, into information which can then be analyzed and used for resolution-making.

 

 

As with SIGINT, EW can be divided into three sub-disciplines. These include:

 

 

Electronic Attack (EA), which includes offensive use of directed energy in opposition to the enemy

 

Electronic Protection (EP), which is defensive, like the Digital Warfare Self-Protection (EWSP) suite built into fighter jets

 

Digital Warfare Assist (ES), the practice of finding and figuring out the sources of electromagnetic energy signals for the aim of supporting determination-making

 

It's in this third class of ES that we see the overlap of digital warfare and SIGINT because the systems and equipment used for ES can concurrently acquire intelligence. While ES is more centered on speedy threats in the operational atmosphere, a lot of the data obtained can be utilized to boost raw signals intelligence and SIGINT determination-making.

 

 

ES can detect the supply of an electromagnetic signal, the type of equipment producing that signal, and relevant data like frequency, modulation, etc. For example, ES personnel can detect an unknown radar signal emanating from somewhere within the battlespace. They can analyze the signal and decide the type of radar that is getting used, and examine their findings with countries known to use this type of radar, and what vehicles, ships, plane, etc. it is typically used with. They'll then verify the nature of the radar source, and make intelligent predictions on what the unknown actor’s intentions are.

 

 

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