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What's SIGINT and How is it Used
Intelligence-driven determination-making is on the heart of each day operations and strategic planning for contemporary militaries and intelligence businesses, and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) is a big part of what makes it possible. At this time we’ll talk about how SIGINT works and why it is so necessary, particularly as it applies to Digital Warfare applications.
SIGINT Explained
SIGINT is the interception of signals for the purpose of gathering intelligence. It is divided into three sub-disciplines:
Communications Intelligence (COMINT) which is the interception of communication between individuals and teams
Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) which is the intercepting of electronic signals which will not be specifically used for communication
Overseas Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT), which is the gathering of signals created by the testing and use of overseas weapons systems. (Source)
The origins of SIGINT will be traced back to the first world war when British forces began intercepting German radio communications to achieve intelligence about their plans. This led to using cryptography to hide the content of radio transmissions, and as such, cryptanalysis grew to become an integral part of SIGINT as well.
As technology has advanced, so has the sector of SIGINT. Today, the US military gathers signals intelligence by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) like the Global Hawk and Reaper drones, which are geared up with highly effective infrared sensors and cameras, as well as Light and Imaging Detection (LIDAR) and synthetic aperture RADAR systems to assemble and transmit back valuable raw intelligence from the operational setting for analysis.
One downside of UAVs is that they fly slower and at decrease altitudes than manned plane, leaving them more vulnerable to anti-plane measures. One resolution is the EA-18G Growler. This airplane is an up to date version of the F/A-18F Super Hornet, which has been repurposed from a pure fight plane to an advanced, supersonic ISR platform. It might fly much faster and higher than a drone and is equipped with sensors that may detect enemy RADAR and even cell phone signals.
Another more down-to-earth instance of modern SIGINT capabilities can be interception of electronic communications data by the NSA, which can provide motionable intelligence in real-time by capturing data like emails, texts, phone calls and more.
When raw SIGINT is captured, it should then be translated, interpreted or represented, because the case may be, into information which can then be analyzed and used for decision-making.
As with SIGINT, EW may be divided into three sub-disciplines. These embrace:
Electronic Attack (EA), which includes offensive use of directed energy against the enemy
Digital Protection (EP), which is defensive, like the Digital Warfare Self-Protection (EWSP) suite built into fighter jets
Electronic Warfare Help (ES), the follow of locating and figuring out the sources of electromagnetic energy signals for the purpose of supporting resolution-making
It's in this third category of ES that we see the overlap of digital warfare and SIGINT because the systems and equipment used for ES can simultaneously gather intelligence. While ES is more focused on immediate threats within the operational surroundings, a lot of the data obtained can be utilized to enhance raw signals intelligence and SIGINT choice-making.
ES can detect the supply of an electromagnetic signal, the type of equipment generating that signal, and relevant data like frequency, modulation, etc. For example, ES personnel can detect an unknown radar signal emanating from somewhere within the battlespace. They can analyze the signal and determine the type of radar that is being used, and evaluate their findings with nations known to use this type of radar, and what vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc. it is typically used with. They will then ascertain the nature of the radar source, and make clever predictions on what the unknown actor’s intentions are.
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